Nitrous Oxide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nitrous Oxide - Essay Example Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an air follow gas that adds to the nursery impact. It is likewise engaged with the reactant decimation of ozone in the stratosphere and is expanding in focus by about 0.25% every year. The expansion is accepted to result from manure use, emanations from inside ignition motors, biomass consuming, and modern procedures (Khalil 1995). It is normally delivered by nitrification and denitrification in soils and in the seas, and is decimated in the stratosphere by means of photolysis (90%) and response with energized nuclear oxygen [O(1D)] (10%). Its air lifetime is somewhere in the range of 100 and 150 years. In spite of the fact that the significant sources and sinks of N2O are known, they are ineffectively evaluated and deficiently adjusted, both as far as mass trade and in their N and O isotopic creation. Stable isotopes have been utilized in the past to compel sources and sinks of other barometrical follow gases however presently can't seem to be effectively applied to N2O. The isotopic way to deal with a worldwide N2O financial plan is frustrated by the wide scope of watched isotopic qualities for every one of the significant common sources, making it hard to relegate a one of a kind incentive to every one of the source terms. Soil transition tests have been demonstrated to be variable yet reliably drained in both 15N and 18O comparative with environmental N2O. Maritime examples have shown a pattern like commonplace supplement profiles, with somewhat exhausted surface waters getting dynamically enhanced along the nutricline and balancing out with profundity. Early investigative strategies utilized infrared ingestion methods (Wahlen 1985) or required decay of N2O with ensuing examinations of N2 and CO2. The utilization of direct infusion procedures was presented in 1993 when Kim and Craig revealed substantial advancement in both the N and O isotopes in two examples of stratospheric air. They recommended that a stratosphere to troposphere return transition of substantial N2O could adjust the watched isotopically light source terms, albeit a straightforward mass-balance model demonstrated that this prompted an impressive overcorrection. Direct infusion of N2O was in this manner appeared to bring about wrong advancement of 15N and Delta18O when sullied by follow measures of CO2. We present outcomes for 15N and 18O of N2O got from tests gathered in the lower stratosphere. Five examples were gathered at midnorthern scopes on board NASA's WB-57 airplane, and two examples were gathered at high northern scope during the 1988 Juelich expand crusade. We likewise estimated, for examination, the isotopic arrangement of tropospheric N2O tested in La Jolla, California, under clean cools. Nitrous oxide blending proportions diminished with tallness over the tropopause, while the overwhelming isotope structure of the leftover N2O was seen as progressively enhanced. On the off chance that the procedure liable for this advancement is an irreversible sink and if the fractionation factor stays steady, the information ought to obey what is known as a Rayleigh refining, in which the subsequent isotopic improvement is identified with the division staying by the condition (1) R = R0 x fAlpha-1 where R and Ro are the lingering (stratospheric) and introductory (tropospheric) substantial to-light isotope proportions, separately; f is the portion of N2O staying (leftover focus partitioned by the underlying fixation); and is the proportion of the overwhelming to-light response or photolysis rates. This relationship

Literary Terms (types of irony, metaphor, and simile) Flashcard

Artistic Terms (sorts of incongruity, illustration, and analogy)

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week What Sources of Funding Do Business Schools Offer

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week What Sources of Funding Do Business Schools Offer Although quantifying a school’s profile certainly does not tell you everything, it can sometimes be helpful in simplifying the many differences between the various MBA programs. Each week, we bring you a chart to help you decide which of the schools’ strengths speak to you. Funding is an important factor to consider in deciding which business school is right for you. Your MBA comes with no guarantee that you will recoup the cost of the degree in the years immediately after you graduate. In addition to paying a rather steep tuition for a top-tier education, many competitive business students incur hidden costs associated with making the right connections to advance their careers. Although MBAs tend to fare generally well in securing a pay increase post-graduation, having a solid plan for funding those two years of graduate education can make a world of difference. The Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC)â€"the organization that administers the GMAT examâ€"reports that 88% of business programs worldwide offer incoming students some form of tuition assistance. In its latest survey of schools, GMAC provides a breakdown of the most common types of financial assistance first-year MBA students received in 2014, which we have highlighted in the following graphics. Share ThisTweet B-School Charts

Bda Synthesis Essay - 817 Words

Currently, the FDA holds the firm perspective that BPA exposure is safe at the current levels occurring in foods. This is considering and based on the FDA’s ongoing safety review of scientific evidence. The available information continues to support the safety of BPA for the currently approved uses in food containers and packaging. On the other hand, the European Union and California have found exposure to BPA leading to serious reproductive health problems. Even more, the European Union states BPA as a â€Å"substance of very high concern,† (KTC) and California recently added BPA to its Prop 65 list as a chemical known to cause reproductive toxicity. (Link with video). So what is BPA exactly? BPA is a structural component in polycarbonate†¦show more content†¦Bisphenol A is the famous chemical used in plastic food and beverage containers, composites and sealants in dentistry, and lacquers in lining of aluminum food and beverage cans. The toxification process of BPA commences with the migration of BPA from the plastic, composites, and other storage containers to its outside environment. It occurs when BPA is heated or exposed to acidic or alkali solutions which cause polymer degradation of BPA. However, according to the Endocrine Society’s Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, BPA may leach into food or water through physical manipulation, or repetitive use. Studies have demonstrated that BPA can cause major health effects when consumed, especially in high doses. Like most other chemicals consumed daily, BPA poses great consequences if consumed in high doses. However, renown geneticist Patricia Hunt depicts that even the consumption of low doses of BPA is equally alarming. To explain, just at a low dose, BPA has the capacity to alter hormone balance. BPA’s close affinity with estrogen poses significant risk to our mental and emotional well being. Most importantly, estrogen plays an important role in basic necessities such as bone growth, ovulation, and heart functions. (7) Elevated estrogen levels increase a woman’s risk for breast cancer (5) Further, studies of low

HMS Dreadnought - The 1906 Battleship that Changed Everything

In the early years of the 20th century, naval visionaries such as Admiral Sir John Jackie Fisher of the Royal Navy and Vittorio Cuniberti of the Regia Marnia began advocating for the design of all-big-gun battleships. Such a vessel would only feature the largest guns, at this point in time 12, and would largely dispense with the ships secondary armament. Writing for Janes Fighting Ships in 1903, Cuniberti argued that the ideal battleship would possess twelve 12-inch guns in six turrets, armor 12 thick, displace 17,000 tons, and be capable of 24 knots. He foresaw this colossus of the seas as being capable of destroying any existing foe though recognized that the construction of such vessels could only be afforded by the worlds leading navies. A New Approach A year after Cunibertis article, Fisher convened an informal group to begin assessing these types of designs. The all-big gun approach was validated during Admiral Heihachiro Togos victory at the Battle of Tsushima (1905) in which the main guns of Japanese battleships inflicted the bulk of the damage on the Russian Baltic Fleet. British observers aboard Japanese ships reported this to Fisher, now First Sea Lord, with the further observation that the Imperial Japanese Navys 12 guns were particularly effective. Receiving this data, Fisher immediately pressed ahead with an all-big-gun design. The lessons learned at Tsushima were also embraced by the United States which began work on an all-big-gun class (the South Carolina-class) and the Japanese who commenced building the battleship Satsuma. While planning and construction for the South Carolina-class and Satsuma began prior to British efforts, they soon fell behind for a variety of reason. In addition to the increased firepower of an all-big-gun ship, the elimination of the secondary battery made adjusting fire during battle easier as it allowed spotters to know which type of gun was making the splashes near an enemy vessel. The removal of the secondary battery also made the new type more efficient to operate as fewer types of shells were needed. Moving Forward This reduction in cost greatly aided Fisher in securing Parliamentary approval for his new ship. Working with his Committee on Designs, Fisher developed his all-big-gun ship which was dubbed HMS Dreadnought. Centered on a main armament of 12 guns and a minimum top speed of 21 knots, the committee evaluated a variety of different designs and layouts. The group also served to deflect criticism away from Fisher and the Admiralty.    Propulsion Including the latest technology, Dreadnoughts power plant utilized steam turbines, recently developed by Charles A. Parsons, in lieu of the standard triple-expansion steam engines. Mounting two paired sets of Parsons direct-drive turbines powered by eighteen Babcock Wilcox water-tube boilers, Dreadnought was driven by four three-bladed propellers. The use of the Parsons turbines greatly increased the speed of the vessel and allowed it to outrun any existing battleship. The vessel was also fitted with a series of longitudinal bulkheads to protect the magazines and shell rooms from underwater explosions. Armor To protect Dreadnought the designers elected to use Krupp cemented armor which was produced at William Beardmores mill in Dalmuir, Scotland. The main armor belt measured 11 thick at the waterline and tapered to 7 at its lower edge. This was supported by an 8 belt that ran from the waterline up to the main deck. Protection for the turrets included 11 of Krupp cemented armor on the faces and sides while the roofs were covered with 3 of Krupp non-cemented armor.   The conning tower utilized a similar arrangement to the turrets. Armament For its main armament, Dreadnought mounted ten 12 guns in five twin turrets. Three of these were mounted along the centerline, one forward and two aft, with the other two in wing positions on either side of the bridge. As a result, Dreadnought could only bring eight of its ten guns to bear on a single target. In laying out the turrets, the committee rejected superfiring (one turret firing over another) arrangements due to concerns that the muzzle blast of the upper turret would cause issues with the open sighting hoods of the one below. Dreadnoughts ten 45-calibre BL 12-inch Mark X guns were capable of firing two rounds per minute at a maximum range of around 20,435 yards. The vessels shell rooms possessed space to store 80 rounds per gun. Supplementing the 12 guns were 27 12-pdr guns intended for close defense against torpedo boats and destroyers. For fire control, the ship incorporated some of the first instruments for electronically transmitting range, deflection, and order directly to the turrets. HMS Dreadnought - Overview Nation: Great BritainType: BattleshipShipyard: HM Dockyard, PortsmouthLaid Down: October 2, 1905Launched: February 10, 1906Commissioned: December 2, 1906Fate: Broken up in 1923 Specifications: Displacement: 18,410  tonsLength: 527 ft.Beam: 82 ft.Draft: 26 ft.Propulsion: 18 Babcock Wilcox 3-drum water-tube boilers w/ Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbinesSpeed: 21 knotsComplement: 695-773 men Armament: Guns 10 x BL 12 in. L/45 Mk.X guns mounted in 5 twin B Mk.VIII turrets27 Ãâ€" 12-pdr 18 cwt L/50 Mk.I guns, single mountings P Mk.IV5 Ãâ€" 18 in. submerged torpedo tubes Construction Anticipating approval of the design, Fisher began stockpiling steel for Dreadnought at the Royal Dockyard in Portsmouth and ordered that many parts be prefabricated. Laid down on October 2, 1905, work on Dreadnought proceeded at a frenetic pace with the vessel being launched by King Edward VII on February 10, 1906, after only four months on the ways. Deemed complete on October 3, 1906, Fisher claimed that the ship had been built in a year and a day. In actuality, it took an additional two months to finish the ship and Dreadnought was not commissioned until December 2. Regardless, the speed of the ships construction startled the world as much as its military capabilities. Early Service Sailing for the Mediterranean and Caribbean in January 1907, with Captain Sir Reginald Bacon in command, Dreadnought performed admirably during its trials and testing. Closely watched by the worlds navies, Dreadnought inspired a revolution in battleship design and future all-big-gun ships were henceforth referred to as dreadnoughts. Designated flagship of the Home Fleet, minor problems with Dreadnought were detected such as the location of the fire control platforms and the arrangement of the armor. These were corrected in the follow-on classes of dreadnoughts. World War I Dreadnought was soon eclipsed by the Orion-class battleships which featured 13.5 guns and began entering service in 1912. Due to their greater firepower, these new ships were dubbed super-dreadnoughts. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Dreadnought was serving as flagship of the Fourth Battle Squadron based at Scapa Flow. In this capacity, it saw its only action of the conflict when it rammed and sank U-29 on March 18, 1915. Refitted in early 1916, Dreadnought shifted south and became part of the Third Battle Squadron at Sheerness. Ironically, due to this transfer, it did not participate in the 1916 Battle of Jutland, which saw the largest confrontation of battleships whose design had been inspired by Dreadnought. Returning to the Fourth Battle Squadron in March 1918, Dreadnought was paid off in July and placed in reserve at Rosyth the following February. Remaining in reserve, Dreadnought was later sold and scrapped at Inverkeithing in 1923. Impact While Dreadnoughts career was largely uneventful, the ship initiated one of the largest arms races in history which ultimately culminated with World War I. Though Fisher had intended to use Dreadnought to demonstrate British naval power, the revolutionary nature of its design immediately reduced Britains 25-ship superiority in battleships to 1. Following the design parameters set forth by Dreadnought, both Britain and Germany embarked on battleship building programs of unprecedented size and scope, with each seeking to build larger, more powerfully armed ships. As a result, Dreadnought and its early sisters were soon out-classed as the Royal Navy and Kaiserliche Marine quickly expanded their ranks with increasingly modern warships. The battleships inspired by Dreadnought served as the backbone of the worlds navies until the rise of the aircraft carrier during World War II.

Analysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan - 1567 Words

One of the most complex relationships is that of a mother and daughter. Amy Tan is an author who writes about her life growing up as an Asian-American in Chinatown. Her novel The Joy Luck Club is a series of short stories about Chinese mothers and their assimilated daughters. One of these stories is â€Å"Two Kinds,† which looks into the life of Jing-Mei Woo and her struggle to gain a sense of self. Some key themes in The Joy Luck Club are the generational and intercultural differences among Chinese-American families, the complex mother-daughter relationship, and the journey of self-discovery. The title â€Å"Two Kinds† can take various meanings in relation to the context of the story, and Amy Tan skillfully uses characterization, linguistics, and†¦show more content†¦Amy Tan uses character development in her short story â€Å"Two Kinds† to make the themes of complex mother-daughter relationships and a search for identity apparent. In â€Å"Two Kinds,â €  Jing-Mei Woo is a young girl who faces challenges as she grows up in a bicultural environment. Her mother, Suyuan Woo, a Chinese immigrant, â€Å"believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America†¦ America was where all my (Jing-Mei Woo’s) mother’s hopes lay (Tan 240).† After leaving a difficult life behind in China, her mother came to America with a vision of hope. Overall, what she wants for her daughter is the best and for her to reach her full potential. Jing-Mei’s mother becomes obsessed with the idea of her daughter becoming a child prodigy, and after growing tired of consistently failing her mother, Jing-Mei promises herself she would not let her mother change her. Suyuan Woo has hopes and expectations for her daughter that Jing-Mei feels she cannot meet, so she ultimately shuts down becomes â€Å"determined not to try, not to be anybody different (Tan 244),† demonstrating that even though she may not know who she is, she is not going to let her mother determine it for her. Jing-Mei takes piano lessons as directed by her mother, but she never really listened to what she was playing, she â€Å"daydreamed about being somewhere else, about being someone elseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan803 Words   |  4 PagesSteve Maraboli once said, â€Å" When you hold a grudge, you want someone else’s sorrow to reflect your level of hurt but the two barely meet.† â€Å"Two Kinds,† by the author Amy Tan, exhibits how the difference in mindsets prompts a mother and daughter, named Jing-mei, to fail to see eye to eye. After a careful analysis of the story, the reader understands how Jing-meis relationship with her mom changed, why her relationship changed, and how the changed relationship affects the whole story. The daughtersRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1190 Words   |  5 PagesA Mother and Her Daughter In Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† (1989), a section of her novel â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†, Tan depicts the mother-daughter relationship between June and her mother, Ms. Woo. Ms. Woo is determined to turn June into a child prodigy, forcing her to try different activities to see if she would be a prodigy in that field. Ms. Woo then forces June to take piano lessons, and to her content June continues to play the piano with lessons from Mr. Chong. When it comes time for June to perform inRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1365 Words   |  6 Pages In her short story, â€Å"Two Kinds,† Amy Tan describes the childhood of a Chinese immigrant’s daughter. Jing-Mei seeks to desperately become her own unique person but her mother has other plans for her because Jing-Mei’s mother realizes the abundant opportunities that are available to her daughter. Like many immigrants, Jing-Mei’s mother did not have the privilege of becoming a trained chi ld genius, pianist, or a movie star. Instead, Jing-Mei’s mother had to endure many hardships in China such as losingRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1163 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Two Kinds† by Amy Tan is a story that focuses on a theme of generational tension between mother and daughter. Problems of identity and community in twentieth century America are also highlighted in this text. Jing-mei Woo struggles to find her identity as someone who has ethnic ties to China, but is born and raised in America. Through this struggle, her idea of the type of person that she should become changes drastically. What this text shows us is how significant events can affect our relationshipsRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1401 Words   |  6 Pages The definition of an underachiever as stated by Webster is â€Å"one (such as a student) that fails to attain a predicted level of achievement or does not do as well as expected.† In the short story â⠂¬Å"Two Kinds† written by Amy Tan, Ni’Kan is the queen of underachievers. She determines at a young age to become defiant to her mom. After experiencing disappointment from letting her mom down, Ni’Kan determined that she would not become a child prodigy and intentionally failed throughout her lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan913 Words   |  4 Pages The story, â€Å"Two Kinds†, by Amy Tan employs symbolism, flashback, and conflict to express the love of a mother. This story starts off with the mother, Suyuan Woo, and her daughter, Jing-Mei, trying to find something that the daughter could become talented at, maybe at a prodigious level. Suyuan Woo introduced various activities that she thought could spark her daughter’s interest. However, none of them seem to be quite right for Jing-Mei. One day, Suyuan Woo bought a piano, hoping this might be theRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1185 Words   |  5 PagesAmy Tan’s sh ort story â€Å"Two Kinds† describes a Chinese immigrant family who hope of finding success and an overall betterment of life in America. After losing everything in China, Jing-mei’s mother, Mrs. Woo, tries as a minority house maid in the 1960s to provide all the opportunities she can for her last daughter. This short story revolves around the interactions between the Jing-mei, who desires a ordinary life, and Mrs. Woo, who seeks only the best from her daughter. The values of these two charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1960 Words   |  8 PagesCultures vary from throughout the world and throughout each family. The way parents raise us through love and affection, discipline and experiences form us as human beings. This brings us to our topic regarding the story â€Å"Two Kinds† by Amy Tan. In the story â€Å"Two Kinds†, the author Amy Tan shows the relationship between a mother who is a Chinese immigrant and her daughter that is Chinese American and the pressure she faces by her mother. From beginning to end it shows their whole relationship play outRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Two Kinds By Amy Tan1188 Words   |  5 Pages America is the land of opportunity. It is the land of freedom, and an immigrants chance to become what they desire. Growing up with two immigrant parents that is what we preached on a daily basis. Both of my parents immigrated to America for the chance of a better life, and they made that very clear to me. There was no exceptions for them. Either you became someone or you will become a disappointment. Pressure was put on me on a daily basis, and slacking off was not acceptable. Therefore, the mainRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan713 Words   |  3 Pagesthe case for the mother in â€Å"Two Kinds† by Amy Tan. The m other had an American dream expectation for her daughter to be prodigy girl who endowed at a young age exceptional qualities and abilities but her daughter did not share the same American dream as her mother. The post modern pice of literature is set after WWII . During this time it was all about individualism. The short story is a representation of many immigrant parents ans their children. Throughout the story Amy uses the characters, setting

Climate Change Occurrence and Public Health

Question: Discuss about the Climate Change Occurrence and Public Health. Answer: Introduction: Global warming is the leading anthropogenic occurrence that has indeed resulted in the greatest threat to the living world. Doing nothing is disadvantageous as that would result in a rise of global temperature above 4 C in the next 85 years affecting quality of life. Adaptation is the way of altering life strategies that includes resilience that is changing the activities harming nature and shaping up the life pattern that would suit the environment like making a decarbonized ecosystem that would reduce global warming (3). It would involve developing policies to reduce factors resulting in climate change or to cope with them in a successful way. Mitigation is the planning of the acts that should decrease the harmful effects of climate change such as reduction of processes releasing green house gases, altering the use of energy resources, reducing consumption of meat and many others. The global warming temperature has increase by about 1.2 C has been found in the recent years which has been found to be above the pre industrial temperature and the main reason acting is the global warming due to increased level of carbon dioxide (2). Excessive use of fossil fuels as well as various industrial activities is harmful for human life mainly affecting the underprivileged classes as they are more exposed to the greenhouse gases. Actual or [projected harm provides us with the possible outcomes in the future that would help us to take steps to reduce global warming immediately. Transport and vehicle releases harmful gases like CO, NO, hydrocarbons, SO2. Some act as greenhouse gases leading to global warming. CO and NO released from gas stoves, heaters, fireplaces as well as from tobacco smoking becomes a reason for huge number of deaths every season. Urbanization leading to the formation of various types of industries and factories, thermal production plants also lead to the generation of GHG. Various health practioners have provided different health policies, suggested good monitoring systems, introduced the entire scenario in education in schools and colleges and even collaborated with different health care systems over the world for betterment. Challenges include unsuccessful collaborations, improper surveillance systems, reduced manpower and negligence of citizens in hygiene prospective as the reason for failure of the health care practitioners. Co benefits of health program policies include introduction of vehicles that produces very little CO2, prioritizing walking and cycling as active transport system that keeps the individuals in good shape and free from diseases like diabetes, cardiac arrests and many others (4). However, the cars which used high fuel when abandoned is sold to developing countries causing promotion. Shift to diesel cars saved nature from Co2 emission but introduced tiny pollutants which might be harmful. Co benefit of mitigation processes in urbanization included proper designing of houses with good ventilators will help removing air pollutants as well as properly cleaned houses prevent spread of harmful diseases (1). Energy saving cook wares or stoves and access to safe drinking water are the other co-benefits. Co-benefit argument is obviously a persuasive motivator because it can decrease the recent health hazards occurring due to global warming and provide a safe life. References: Fisk WJ. Review of some effects of climate change on indoor environmental quality and health and associated no-regrets mitigation measures. Building and Environment. 2015 Apr 30;86:70-80. Reed MS, Podesta G, Fazey I, Geeson N, Hessel R, Hubacek K, Letson D, Nainggolan D, Prell C, Rickenbach MG, Ritsema C. Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to climate change and analyse adaptation options. Ecological Economics. 2013 Oct 31;94:66-77. VijayaVenkataRaman S, Iniyan S, Goic R. A review of climate change, mitigation and adaptation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012 Jan 31;16(1):878-97. West JJ, Smith SJ, Silva RA, Naik V, Zhang Y, Adelman Z, Fry MM, Anenberg S, Horowitz LW, Lamarque JF. Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health. Nature climate change. 2013 Oct 1;3(10):885-9.