Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch multinational company

Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch multinational company Main objectives of this assignment are as follows: An analysis and evaluation of the data available in the Procter Gamble annual report. An analysis and evaluation of the developments in the financial markets in the past 2 years of Procter Gamble company. Compare and assess the performance of PG with its competitor company (Unilever). Recommendations to ProcterGamble for future advancements. Procter and Gamble Prologue Procter and Gamble is a fortune 500 multinational company which is headquartered at Downtown, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A . It is one of the top 5 consumer goods manufacturer company in the world. It was founded in 1837 by William Procter, a candle maker and James Gamble, a soap maker, immigrants from England Ireland respectively. In year 2010 PG had 1,28,000 employees. Current President and C.E.O of Procter and Gamble Company is Bob Mc Donald. Revenue of PG in 2010 was 78.6 billion US Dollar. Operating income of PG in 2010 was 16.15 billion US Dollar. Net income of PG In year 2010 was 12.72 billion US Dollar. Total Assets of PG in year 2009 was around 135.12 billion US Dollar. Procter and gamble company deals into four segments mainly, categorized as : Beauty and grooming segment. Household care segment. Health and well being segment. Snacks and Beverages segment. Procter and Gamble was ranked 6th in the world for the worlds most admired company. Procter and Gamble operates in nearly 82 countries around the world and it sells or markets 300 brands in more than 159 countries. Procter and Gamble is the worlds biggest maker of household products according to sales and volume. Procter and Gamble is also one of the biggest advertisers in the world. Procter and Gamble was ranked #39 out of top Fortune 500 American companies. PG organization is the mother of innovations like extreme market research, brand -management development and profit sharing programmes. These were all developed and implemented by PG first than any other organization in the world. Popular brands of PG company with net sales more than one billion U.S. Dollar annually: Ariel laundry detergent Charmin bathroom towel Bounty paper towels Crest toothpaste Dawn- dishwashing detergent Downy- fabric softener Duracell- batteries Gillette- shaving razors, shaving gel and cream, deodorant and anti-persipirant. Head Shoulders shampoo Olay- beauty products Oral.b dental products Pantene- hair care products Pringles- potato crisps Tide- powder and liquid detergents Vicks. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Procter__Gamble_brands Procter and Gamble manufacturing operations are based in the following countries and regions: U.S.A United Kingdom Canada China Mexico Africa Australia Latin America India Germany Major competitors of Procter and Gamble are: JohnsonJohnson Kimberly Clark Corp. Unilever. Clorox. Sara Lee Corporations. Kraft foods INC Colgate-Palmolive. Competitors Profile (Unilever) Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch multinational company founded in 1930 by the amalgamation of Dutch margarine company Margarine Unie with British soap maker Lever Brothers. The company is headquartered at Unilever house London, United Kingdom and at Rotterdam, Netherlands. Unilever owns more than 370 brands as a result of acquisitions such as with Brooke Bond in 1984 and Chesebrough-Ponds Inc in 1987. Mission statement of Unilever or motto of Unilever is Meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere. According to Unilever company, everyday more than 140 million people pick their brands to clean their homes and to feed their families. Unilever comes among top 5 in world for making packaged consumer products like soaps, tea, frozen foods, deodorants, perfumes, toiletries etc. The corporation sells its products in more than 140 countries. The annual revenue of Unilever Inc was around 39,826 Million Euros in year 2009. Operating income of Unilever was around 5,010 Million Euros in year 2009. Net income of Unilever was 3,658 million Euros in year 2009. Unilever has subsidiaries in more than 85 countries and it employs more than 1,70,000 workers to its company. Unilever stands at third position among food firms in the world after Nestle and Kraft and worlds second largest packaged consumer goods company after Procter Gamble company. Financial Analysis of Procter and Gamble company: The financial statements including, annual reports, balance sheet, cash flow statement, income statement are attached with the following appendixes.: Common size Statement analysis (Vertical) = Appendix A 2. Balance sheet , cash flow statement, Income Statement = Appendix B Financial ratio formulas = Appendix C Financial ratios = Appendix D 5.Comparison of Financial data between PG and Unilever = Appendix E Financial Statement Analysis: Financial statement analysis is the process of analyzing financial strengths and weaknesses of a firm by making relationships between the items of the profit and loss account and of balance sheet. These statements are very helpful for decision making purpose for any business or company. They play a vital role for setting the framework of managerial decisions. Financial statement analysis includes preparation and interpretation of financial statements in analogous and common size form. Financial statement analysis also includes computation and interpretation of financial ratio that would be helpful to common share holder for business purpose and for short term creditors as well as long term creditors. Techniques of Financial Statement Analysis : Vertical and Horizontal Analysis. Ratio Analysis. Horizontal Analysis: It involves line by line comparison of two or more years financial data. The horizontal analysis compares financial data over a number of accounting period. Example: Accounts receivable can be compared over a period of months during a fiscal year or sales can be compared over a period of several years. Vertical Common-Size Analysis In Vertical Common-Size Analysis statement all the figures of income statement are taken as a percentage of sales and in balance sheet all the figures are taken as a percentage of total assets.In Income statement, sales figure is taken as base and is assumed to be 100 % and all other figures are expressed as a percentage of sales. In balance sheet the percentage of total assets is taken as 100 % and all other figures are expressed as a percentage of total assets. Ratio Analysis : The ratio analysis is the most important and powerful tool of financial statement analysis. When we use ratio analysis, we can check and determine how profitable a business is. Ratios can be calculated by dividing one number to another number. It can be expressed in the form of percentage, proportion, time or rate. Ratio Analysis is an accounting method used to compare one figure with another. Ratios can helps us to determine whether a business is sound or not. It simplifies the data of financial statements. It also helps in comparing the results of one business with another. It also helps in comparing the results of the business with the average result of all similar businesses in the same field. It also tells the investors to determine whether they should buy, hold or sell the shares by seeing the ratio analysis of the particular company. It also helps the employees of a particular company by providing information about stability and profitability of their company in present and future times. It also helps in planning and forecasting during financial analysis. Ratios can help management to do basic functions like forecasting, planning, co-ordination, control of financial data of the business.

Zoroastrianism Essay -- essays research papers

Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is the ancient pre-Islamic religion of Iran that survives there in isolated areas and, more prosperously, in India, where the descendants of Zoroastrian Iranian (Persian) immigrants are known as Parses, or Pareses. In India the religion is call Parsiism. Founded by the Iranian prophet and reformer Zoroaster in the 6th century BC, the religion contains both monotheistic and dualistic features. It influenced the other major Western religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ancient Greeks saw in Zoroastrianism the archetype of the dualistic view of the world and of man's destiny. Zoroaster was supposed to have instructed Pythagoras in Babylon and to have inspired the Chaldean doctrines of astrology and magic, could be considered the arch-heretic. In more recent times the study of Zorastrianism has played a decisive part in reconstructing the religion and social structure of the Indo-European peoples. Though Zoroastrianism was never, even in the thinking of its founder, as aggressively monotheistic as, for instance, Judaism or Islam, it does represent an original attempt at unifying under the worship of one supreme god a polytheistic religion comparable to those of the ancient Greeks, Latins, Indians and other early peoples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its other salient feature, namely dualism, was never understood in an absolute, rigorous fashion. Good and Evil fight an unequal battle in which the former is assured of triumph. God's omnipotence is thus only temporarily limited. In this struggle man must enlist because of his capacity of free choice. He does so with his soul and body, not against his body, for the opposition between good and evil is not the same as the one between spirit and matter. Contrary to the Christian or Manichaean attitude, fasting and celibacy are proscribed, except as part of the purifacatory ritual. Man's fight has a negative aspect, nonetheless: he must keep himself pure; i.e., avoid defilement by the forces of death, contact with dead matter, etc. Thus Zoroastrian ethics, although in itself lofty and rational, has a ritual aspect that is all percading. On the whole, Zoroastrianism is optimistic and has remained so even though the hardship and oppression of its believers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The religion of Iran before the time of Zoroaster... ...tises written during the brief renascence under Islam in the 9th century. Finally there are books written in Persian, either in verse or in prose. The latter include the correspondence exchanged between the Aoroastirians of Iran and India and the teatise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zoroastrianism is not the purely ethical religion it may at first seem. In practice, despite the doctrine of free choice, a Zoroastrian is so constantly involved in a meticulous struggle against the contamination of death and the thousand causes of defilement, and against the threat, even in his sleep, of ever present demons, that he does not often believe that he is leading his life freely and morally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apart from this attitude, the belief in the power of destiny sometimes culminates in fatalism. The latter is easily associated with Zurvanism, itself sometimes tainted with materialism. In the it is stated that though one be armed with the valor and strength of wisdom and knowledge, yet it is not possible to strive against the fate. On the whole, however, as RC Zeahner notes, the theological premisses of Zorastrianism are based on an essentially moralistic view of life.

Analyst Apple 4ps

Analysis, segmentation and marketing mix of Apple Introduction The aim of this report is to analyse the current position of the company which includes the products, current strategic position, and current financial strength. Different types of marketing tools are used in this report. PEST analysis and Porter’s five force model for looking into the external environment. SWOT analysis for looking into the internal environment of the organization.This report also looks into market segmentation and the marketing mix of the product. Apple was first introduced by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 to market and sell the Apple personal computer kit. The first computer kits were hand built and was kept for a public display first at the homebrew computer lab. This computer kit consisted of Motherboard with RAM, CPU, and some video chips.Since then apple have come a long way in the market all over the world and they are one of the leading companies in electroni c products. This can be known with the information given below: Current Strategic Position Apple believes in continuous improvement and they look into all the key sectors like environment, health and safety management systems and the quality of our products, processes and services.Looking into the Principle and goals of Apple, Apple has set out their own principles where they look to meet all the health and safety requirements, promote energy efficiency, and their main goals are; innovation is the most important thing for apple, to increase the number of sales of the product in the education field, providing new and user friendly software for the customers, and last but not the least providing high quality products to the customers.Looking into the current strategic position of Apple, with the introduction of its own operating system, hardware, software application, and with a completely new design, Apple looks to meet all the customer requirements like new products, ease of use, an d an innovative design of the product. Apple is currently focusing on, brand awareness and improving the product by increasing the financial investment on marketing and advertisement, they are looking at expanding the retail segment by opening more number of stores all over the world, they are looking at keeping it up with the competition by mplementing a cost leadership strategy, and they are looking to continue the reputation of being the leader in innovation for new technology by implementing product differentiation strategy. Looking into the current finance position of Apple, on October 19, 2009 Apple announced the financial results for the year 2009. The company posted revenue of $9. 87 billion and a net quarterly profit of $1. 67 billion. These results can be compared to the revenue of $7. 9 billion and net quarterly profit of $1. 14 billion in the previous year quarter. International sales also helped 46% of the quarter’s revenue.Gross margin is 36. 6% when compared to the previous year quarter which was 34. 7%. Apple reached 17% increase when compared to the previous year quarter by successfully selling 3. 05 million Mac computers during the quarter. PEST analysis and Porter’s five forces are very important tools to establish the external environment of Apple: PEST Analysis Political Factors Different countries have different rules and regulations which can act as a positive or a negative barrier which can result in restricting the companies or lend opportunities to the company.Good thing for Apple is NAFTA, European Union and other regional trade open doors so that the company can have a wider market in Europe, Asia, Latin, and America which can offer enormous potential to the company. Beatles lawsuit against Apple can affect the reputation of the company in a negative way. There is a direct impact on the overall business of the company (Apple) due to the political uncertainties caused by terrorism. Apple relies on the government to give a grant and intellectual property obtained from third parties. Economic FactorsApple has been affected in the last year by the slow economic and that resulted in low consumer spending. However the current economy shows consumer spending, some amount of improvement, and investment might increase as well. In US due to the weak economic condition the educational segment is encountering a large loss in many states. Hence this has caused a negative impact over the Apple’s sales in the educational segment. With respect to sales of product Apple having a worldwide market can be affected by currency exchange rate and by international trade regulations as they obtain the components of the product from foreign suppliers.Social Factors Apple have designed their own computers and their own software’s which will help this generation as the computer and internet usage is rapidly growing worldwide. With the introduction of Mac people have more information, gain more knowledge about different types of computers and becomes a good source of opportunities for the Apple computer industry. Education has become the primary issue for the new generation which is a key factor for the company’s business. Social factors also include internet revolution, shopping online, Brand awareness of the company. Technological FactorsTechnology is experiencing a rapid boom in this generation, and people appreciate more and more innovative changes in their systems and are switching over to the new information appliances and Apple have been successful in providing new appliances. There is a rapid growth in the usage of the internet which is also a good opportunity for the company. The traditional desktop is becoming outdated with new products coming into the market like Mac laptops. This new technology can be used in schools, collages, and by professionals as they will be able to gain the more knowledge and this in turn increases the demand of the product.Porter’s five f orces Porter’s five forces model is an excellent model to use to analyze a particular environment of an industry. In this report we are entering the PC industry and hence Porter’s model will help us to find out about: Competitive Rivalry Competitive rivalry for Apple is very high as it is a competition among the big companies and it is fierce as everyone is aiming at a larger market share, intensive price cuts and changes. PCs are differentiated as hardware / software configurations. Competition is mainly based one cost. The main competitor for Apple is Microsoft.Microsoft also has their own operating system but is providing it to the customers in a very cheap price when compared to Apple. Hence I can say that there is a fierce price competition. Bargaining Power of suppliers. (Low) Looking into Apple, the company is highly dependent on component suppliers. If the supplier wants to increase his profits he can put pressure on the market by supplying the components at a higher price. Apple is running at a higher risk than other as they are working with only few selected suppliers. Bargaining Power of customers. Low) In the PC world there is high number of suppliers in the industry and Apple being a part of it, has its product price higher than the other company products. Hence there will be lot of options for the customers to buy the cheapest and the best product. Threats of substitutes. (Low) In the present generation PCs represent 90% of the market share as they have multiple configurations, performance and price ranges. Looking into Apple they have their own operating system called as Mac and there is no product competing in the market. Threat of new entry.In the world of PCs any company that has a new technology that is efficient in terms of price and performance is considered as a threat to the industry. Looking into Apple there is no threats from any new entrants as there is no product competing in the market. Apple has a very good brand imag e and it will be very difficult for the new entrants to pose a threat to the company. SWOT analysis is also a very important tool which will help in establishing the internal environment of Apple: SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a market tool which helps to understand the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats in a business.During the strategic planning process the most commonly used tool is SWOT. STRENGTHS: Corporate reputation is high. Apple manufactures have their own product and their own operating system hence they have a good control over the product. Leader in innovation and product differentiation. Apple has a very good strategic alliance with HP. Creativity style. WEAKNESSES: Apple has set high prices on their products. Apple has high inventory in their products. Apple has problems in distribution of their products. Apple has too many product lines. OPPORTUNITIES: Demand for innovation. Internet. Growing industry.Employee benefit programme. Opportunity to create a ne w software markets and selling the hardware in those markets. THREATS: There is fierce competition among the PC industry. Loss of market share. Price competition. Increase in supply’s costs. Market Segmentation The market segmentation includes: Demographical bases. Geographical bases. Behavior bases. Psychographic bases. 2. 1 Demographical bases (age, family size, life cycle, occupation) Looking into Apple, the Demographical market segment is successful because they are developing products on the age, life cycle, occupation of the people.They are distributing their products into various places and the PCs are categorized on age, family size, for example they would have more games and entertainment in the PCs for the kids and a professional PC with all the latest software’s. 2. 2 Geographical bases (states, regions, countries) Looking into the geographical bases of Apple they have established their business all over the world like U. S. , South America, Europe, Japan, a nd Australia. Recently Apple chose to implement a vertical growth strategy and began expanding their own retail stores.The company also sells its product via third-parties dealers, or via internet through their own website or through the iTunes online music stores. 2. 3 Behavior bases (product knowledge, usage, attitudes, and responses) In this market segment Apple providing good product knowledge to the customers by advertizing on search engines, T. V. as they have a very good brand image. Using this brand image they are continuously coming up with new ideas and products and attracting the customers. Apple has got a very good response rate as many of the customers are looking for new designs and innovative products which Apple is successfully delivering. . 4 Psychographic bases (lifestyle, values, personality) Looking into Apple the psychographic market segment is successful because they are developing products on the lifestyle of the people such as Mac book for the younger generat ion. Apple having a very good brand image has very good value for its products as they are different and innovative. Looking into the personality (style) sector Apple is providing their products with different colors for the people who like fancy colors. MARKETING MIX Marketing mix is the combination of the product, the price, place and promotion. These are popularly known as Four Ps.When the marketing condition like political, social, economic, and technological factors change even the marketing mix has to be changed. The four Ps are listed as below: 3. 1 Product: Apple is committed to sell original, good looking products that have an easy-to-use interface. The company offers a range of personal computing products, related devices and various third party hardware-products. In addition, the company offers software products (Mac OS X), server software and related solution; professional application software; and consumer, education and business oriented application software.Apple has been very innovative by finding new usages for its Mac computer, such as desktop publishing and strong graphics/animation capabilities. The Mac functionality for managing multimedia files from cameras, DV recorder and MP3 devices has been very popular and successful. 3. 2 Price: Apple price is known to be above average in the industry. The company is using a differentiation strategy and focuses more on innovation, and quality. This strategy is justifying their premium prices.Lately, however, their new technology and their high cash flow allowed them to lower their price and to offer more discount to certain markets such as the education market. This new pricing strategy may help Apple to compete better with the non-Mac user market but might cause some issue with the brand image/recognition. 3. 3 Place: Apple’s operating segments are comprised of: U. S. South America Europe Japan Australia. Recently Apple chose to implement a vertical growth strategy and began expanding their own retail stores.The company also sells its product via third-parties dealers, or via internet through their own website or through the iTunes online music stores. 3. 4 Promotions: The best in the Apple Mac is that songs can be played only from iTunes and hence Apple In 2003, formed a strategic alliance with PepsiCo. The Pepsi iTunes music promotion calls for people to use the winning code found under the Pepsi’s bottle caps products to redeem songs from Apple’s iTunes music Store. This promotion has already been successful for both companies and increased the awareness of the iTunes presence in the market.In 2003, Apple also announced marketing partnerships With America Online that are aimed at driving iTunes use deeply into the mainstream. Apple computers could play a song only from the iTunes. Apple and America Online have agreed to put iTunes â€Å"buy this song† buttons next to every song that’s listed in AOL’s music service, which its 25 mil lion subscribers can access. Clicking the button will automatically launch the iTunes music jukebox and begin downloading the song; billing will be handled through the customer’s existing arrangement with AOL.Apple has a joint venture with Hewlett Packard. Apple has produced an iPod for PC users and the success of this product was a good way for the company to capture non-MAC users. The company’ also drew on endorsements from music stars. In 2005, Apple Computer has initiated a partnership with Wal-Mart that saw the iPod shuffle featured at Wal-Mart discount locations around the country. Read more: http://www. ukessays. com/essays/marketing/analysis-segmentation-and-marketing-mix-of-apple-marketing-essay. php#ixzz2QZbbQKIn

Ethics And Values Play A Major Role Of Nursing...

Ethics and values play a major role in nursing professionalism. Nursing professionalism is the way that nurses interact with other professionals and apply knowledge from the basic principles of nursing to better care for their patients. The professional values of nursing include altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice (â€Å"Essentials,† 2008). These values provide guidelines that accurately describe a compassionate and ethical nurse. One of the values that relates to me as well as my future professional nursing role is human dignity. Protecting human dignity means that the nursing professional will respect all individuals or communities they are working with and show them that they are important and are being cared for (â€Å"Essentials,† 2008). Human Dignity In order to understand human dignity in professional nursing, it must first be understood in a general aspect. Dignity can be described as how individuals perceive themselves, as well as how others perceive them. If a person has dignity, they have self-worth and self-respect, and others identify that they are respectable. Human dignity could then be explained as having respect for an individual regardless of their circumstances because dignity is a characteristic instilled in the person, and they should not have to prove their worth for it. There are many ways that human dignity can be expressed in daily life. One of the ways that I best apply this value in my own life is through showing respect. IShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care Delivery System Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to become a registered nurse, nursing students must learn the core concepts of professionalism that they must follow in their future nursing careers. According to Finkelman and Kenner (201 6), â€Å"Today, nursing is an applied science, a practice profession. 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